IP Security

IP is stands for Internet Protocol. IP security is a set service which secures the documents by the unauthorized entity. IP Sec covers the three areas of functionality that is authentication, confidentiality, and key management. IP Sec encrypts and authenticates all the data traffic at the IP level security. The IP level security or firewall administrator, we got basically the same concerns (as plumber) the size of the pipe the contents of the pipe, making sure the correct traffic is in the correct pipes and keeping the pipes from splitting and leaking all over the places of course like plumbers. When the pipes do leak: we are the ones responsible for cleaning up the mess and we are the ones who come up smelling awful. Firewall is a device that is used to provide protection to a system from network-based security threats. Firewall uses service, behavior, user and direction control techniques

Security: Hash Function-authentications

As security or firewall administrator, we got basically the same concerns (as a plumber) the size of the pipe the contents of the pipe, making sure the correct traffic is in the correct pipes and keeping the pipes from splitting and leaking all over the places of course like plumbers. When the pipes do leak: we are the ones responsible for cleaning up the mess and we are the ones who come up smelling awful. Firewall is a device that is used to provide protection to a system from network-based security threats. The firewall uses service, behavior, user and direction control techniques

Multi-factor Authentication and Their Approaches

A multi-factor authentication is an approach to authentication which requires the presentation of two or more of the three authentication factors: a knowledge factor ("something the user knows"), a possession factor ("something the user has"), and an inherence factor ("something the user is"). Two-factor authentication seeks to decrease the probability that the requestor is presenting false evidence of its identity. In reality, there are more variables to consider when establishing the relative assurance of truthfulness in an identity assertion than simply how many "factors" are used. The U.S. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council issued supplemental guidance on this subject in August 2006, in which they clarified, "By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions from two or more of the three categories of factors

Effect of microencapsulated plant extracts on mosquito repellency

Mosquitoes are the most important single group of insects in terms of public health importance. Mosqui-toes not only cause nuisance by their bites but also transmit deadly diseases. The activity of mosquitoes is affected by climate, light and temperature. In tropical areas like India, the population of mosquitoes is found huge day by day. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted environment as well as human health. To overcome this problem, plant derived compounds may be the better alternate over synthetic insecticides. To enhance the health and hygiene qualities by means of use of medicinal plants through effective application technique on textiles, marigold (petals) and nirgundi (leaves) methanol extract was used as mosquito repellent finish on 100 % woven cotton. For applying mosquito repellent finish on fabric, complex coacervation technique of microencapsulation was used through pad-dry-cure method. Finished cotton samples were tested against Anopheles stephensi by using laboratory cage method for their efficacy and durability to washing and sun-drying as per standard test methods. Marigold (petals)and nirgundi (leaves) extract finished fabric samples showed 96 and 94 % repellency respectively after 60 minutes of observation. It remained 56 % and 54 % (after 15 washes) and 54 and 52 % (after expo-sure in sun for 3 hours) by the application of marigold and nirgundi extracts respectively. Hence, microencapsulation technique on selected cotton textile proved effective to repel mosquitoes up to acceptable level according to WHO (1996)

Development of fragrant microcapsules for woven cotton fabric

A consumer-oriented twenty first century challenges garment and fabric producers to come up with innovations which result from the technological advancements to not only help in strengthening the existing product line but also to diversify and flourish in new areas. Many fragrant fabrics have been developed nowadays due to the reason of enjoying a healthy life style, and these novel products often possess additional functionalities which are good for human health. Not only does plant essential oil give off a pleasant smell but also the functions of antiseptic, antiphlogistic and emotional calming. In the present study, microencapsulation of geranium oil was carried out on cotton woven fabric. Geranium oil was selected as the core material and gum acacia as wall material for encapsulation using complex coacervation technique and ratio of 1:4:4 of oil, gum and gelatin, at a temperature of 50°C with initial and final pH 4.5 and 9.0 respectively was optimized for microencapsulation process. Microencapsulation helped in controlling the release rate of aroma and imparted durable fragrance finish on textile

Effect of sericin treatment conditions on dye abilty of cotton fabric

A study was conducted to observe the effect of sericin treatment on dye abilty of cotton fabric using natural dye. Different parameters for sericin treatment were optimized on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and washing fastness. It was found that 0.5 % (w/v) sericin in the presence of 4% crosslinking agent and 1 % catalyst treated at 70ºC for 45 minutes followed by drying at 70ºC for 4 minutes and curing at 160ºC for 2 minutes increased affinity of selected natural dye i.e. manjistha towards cotton fabric. Dye uptake of sericin treated fabric increased from 19.5 % to 31.7 % after application of sericin using all the optimized variable

Estimation of genetic parameters of weekly test-day milk yields and first lactation 305-day milk yield in Murrah buffaloes

. How to cite this article: Sahoo SK, Singh A, Gupta AK, Chakravarty AK, Singh M, Ambhore GS (2014) Estimation of genetic parameters of weekly test-day milk yields and first lactation 305-day milk yield in Murrah buffaloes, Veterinary World 7(12): 1094-1098. Abstract Aim: The aim was to estimate genetic parameters of weekly test-day (TD) milk yields and first lactation 305-day milk yield (FL305DY) in Murrah buffaloes. Materials and Methods: The data on 39059 weekly test-day milk yield (WTDY) records during first lactation of 961 Murrah buffaloes calved from 1977 to 2012 and sired by 101 bulls maintained in an organized farm at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal was analyzed to study the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors. Least squares maximum likelihood program was used to estimate genetic and non-genetic parameters affecting WTDY and FL305DY. Heritability was estimated using paternal half-sib correlation method. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among WTDY and 305-day milk yield was calculated from the analysis of variance and covariance among sire groups. Results: The least squares means for FL305DY was found to be 1853.49±15.88 Kg. The least squares means of overall WTDY ranged from 2.44±0.07 kg (TD-43) to 7.95±0.06 kg (TD-8). Effect of period, season and age at first calving groups was found to be highly significant (p<0.01), significant (p<0.05) and non-significant on FL305DY, respectively. The h 2 estimate of FL305DY was 0.25±0.09. The estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations between 305-day milk yield and different WTDY ranged from 0.52 to 0.84 and from 0.19 to 0.98, respectively. Conclusions: Our study showed that the effect of period of calving was highly significant (p<0.01) on FL305DY as well as all the WTDY. The estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations were generally higher in the middle segment of lactation suggesting that these TD yields could be used as the selection criteria for early evaluation and selection of animals

Effect of blanching treatments and dehydration methods on rehydration quality of khejri (Prosopis cineraria) pods

The khejri (Prosopis cineraria L. Druce), is a multipurpose leguminous tree of hot arid desert. Its tender pods are utilized for culinary purpose both in fresh and dehydrated conditions without ascertaining its quality aspect. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to find out the effect of blanching treatments and dehydration methods on rehydration quality of khejri pods. The experiment consists of three methods of drying and six blanching treatments replicated thrice under completely randomised design (CRD). Both tender pods (harvested within 20 days of fruit set at green stage) and mature pods (harvested after 25 days of fruit set at colour turning stage) were taken for the study. Among various methods of drying; sun drying took minimum time (11 hours) while other methods took comparatively longer period for drying. Moreover, recovery per cent of pods did not vary significantly within the drying methods and blanching treatments. In general, tender pods recovery was less compared to matured pods. The rehydration ratio was maximum in pods blanched in hot water (5 min.) followed by control. Among different methods, the rehydration ratio was maximum in shade drying followed by sun drying and the least in tray drier. The storage life of dehydrated pods was more than 52 weeks in blanching treatment than only about 8 weeks in control (un-blanched pods). The appearance of sun dried pods was not good as brownish and grayish colour pods were observed. Whereas in case of pods dried in shade and tray drier were green in colour. The protein content was also higher in pods dehydrated either in shade or in tray drier but the differences among the blanching treatments were non-significant. Thus, it can be concluded that the tender pods dried after blanching in 2 per cent salt solution (5 min.) or blanched in 2 per cent salt solution (5 min.) + 0.1 per cent KMS (potassium metabisulphite) either in shade or in tray drier have overall good acceptability because of retention of green colour, higher protein content, good storage life, better appearance after rehydration, good culinary taste, overall higher hedonic rating and more hygienic conditions than open sun drying

Comparison of four different lactation curve models for prediction of weekly test day milk yields in Murrah buffalos

The present investigation was carried out using data on 39,059 weekly test day milk yield (WTDMY) records during first lactation of 961 Murrah buffaloes calved during 1977–2012 maintained in an organized farm at the Institute. The least squares means of the WTDMY ranged from 2.50±0.09 kg to 7.81±0.09 kg. The relative efficiency of 4 lactation curve models via gamma-type function (GF), exponential function (EF), mixed log function (MLF) and polynomial regression function (PRF) were compared. PRF described the highest coefficient of determination (99.30%) and with least value (0.02 kg) of root mean squares error (RMSE), whereas, least coefficient of determination (88.50%) was observed in EF having maximum (0.08 kg) RMSE value suggesting PRF the best mathematical model for prediction of WTDMYs in Murrah buffaloes

Genetic parameters of 305 days and monthly test-day milk yields in Murrah buffaloes

The present investigation was carried out using first lactation 9,071 monthly test-day milk yield records of 965 Murrah buffaloes that calved from 1977 to 2012 sired by 98 bulls maintained at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Mixed model analysis was carried out by least-squares maximum likelihood programme to study the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on first lactation 305-day milk yield and monthly test-day (TD) milk yield records of Murrah buffaloes. The highest monthly test-day milk yield was observed in TD3 (7.64 kg) and lowest in TD10 (4.46 kg). The average first lactation 305 days or less milk yield (FL305DMY) was 1806.45±16.99 kg. The effect of season of calving, period of calving and age at first calving was highly significant on FL305DMY and on most of the monthly test-day milk yields. The heritability estimate for FL305DMY was 0.18±0.08 and for monthly test-day milk yields it ranged from 0.09 (TD6) to 0.18 (TD3). The genetic and phenotypic correlations among monthly test-day milk yields and with 305 days milk yield were highly significant. The present investigation revealed that the non-genetic factors such as season of calving in general and year of calving in particular, might be considered when performing an evaluation of Murrah buffaloes based on monthly test-day milk yield records. High genetic and phenotypic correlation among monthly test-day milk yields and with first lactation 305 days milk yield suggested that these test-day yields could be used as the selection criteria, leading to a reduction in generation interval